Learning to divide Mixed Numerals

We know that a number in the form of P/Q is called a fraction. Both P and Q are integers. The fractions can be proper fractions, improper fractions and sometimes even mixed fractions. Mixed fractions are also known as mixed numerals or mixed numbers. The operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division can be performed on these fractions. Now we will learn the process of dividing mixed fractions to get the final answer. This can be done in a few simple steps. The first step would be to convert the mixed fraction into an improper fraction. Improper fraction is nothing but a fraction in which the denominator must be less than numerator. After this step again the question arises how to divide mixed fractions to arrive at the final answer. The second step is to get the divisor. Divisor is the number or the fraction by which the mixed fraction has to be divided. After getting the divisor, the numerator of divisor is made its denominator and vice versa and multiplied with the improper fraction we got from the mixed fraction given.

The product got after the multiplication is the answer. Now the question how do I divide fractions would have been cleared in the minds of many. This is a very simple process as we understand it. We get division fractions in the process. After finding the reciprocal of the divisor and multiplying with the improper fraction we get a product. This has to be simplified to the lowest terms possible. Only then we get the right answer. Simplifying to lowest terms can be done by dividing the numerator and the denominator by a common number so that both the numerator and denominator are fully divisible by that number. This process has to be continued till the numerator and denominator in the lowest forms and they are not further divisible. This process is done to simplify the fraction and not keep it as large numbers. This will help in the calculations as we need deal with large numbers. Also the time consumed would be less. Lesser the time consumed more will be efficiency. The process of division takes bit more time than other operations of addition, subtraction and multiplication. This is because division involves multiplication as well. This can be overcome by doing more and more practice. Once we have enough practice we can bring down the time required to solve a problem.

Introduction to Boolean logic calculator

Boolean logic algebra is the algebra of two values. These values are usually taken to be 0 and 1, as we shall do here, although F and T, false and true, etc. Boolean logic algebra are also a common uses of Boolean logic calculator. More generally Boolean algebra is algebra of values from any Boolean algebra as a model of the laws of Boolean algebra. In Boolean logic calculator first enter the expression then then enter the values of x and y. now press the calculate button then the answer will be produced.

Basic Operations Involved in Boolean Logic Calculator:

in Boolean logic calculator the operations mentioned below are involved automatically ,    

After values, the next ingredient of any algebraic system has its operations. Whereas elementary algebra was based on numeric operations multiplication x • y, addition x + y, and negation −x, Boolean logic algebra calculator is customarily based on logical counterparts to those operations, namely conjunction x • y (AND), disjunction x + y (OR), and complement or negation ¬x (NOT). In electronics, the multiplication is represented by a AND, an addition is represented by OR, and the NOT is represented with an over bar.

Conjunction was the closest of these three to its numerical counterpart, in fact on 0 and 1 it is multiplication. As the logical operation conjunction of two propositions is true when both propositions are true, and otherwise is false.

Disjunction works almost similar to addition in the boolean logic calculator, with one exception: the disjunction of 1 and 1 is neither 2 nor 0 but 1. Thus the disjunctions of two propositions are false when both propositions are false, and otherwise are true.

Logical negation does not work like numerical negation in the calculator. Instead it corresponds to incrementation: ¬x = x+1 mod 2. It shares the common numerical negation the property that applying it twice returns the original value: ¬¬x = x, just as −(−x) = x.

Some of the identities and operations involved in boolean logic is also in boolean logic calculator as,

(1a) x • y = y • x                                     (1b) x + y = y + x                   (1c) 1 + x = 1

(2a) x • (y • z) = (x • y) • z                      (2b) x + (y + z) = (x + y) + z

(3a) x • (y + z) = (x • y) + (x • z)             (3b) x + (y • z) = (x + y) • (x + z)

(4a) x • x = x                                          (4b) x + x = x

(5a) x • (x + y) = x                                  (5b) x + (x • y) = x

(6a) x • x1 = 0                                        (6b) x + x1 = 1

(7) (x1)1 = x

(8a) (x • y)1 = x1 + y1                            (8b) (x + y)1 = x1 • y1

Problem Based on Boolean Logic Calculator:

Problem 1: Find the value for x.y = y.x

x y x.y y.x
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1

Addition and Its Properties

Addition is one of the four basic mathematical operations that refer to combination of collections of objects towards forming a larger number. For example: Mother bought two Pigeon baby products for Rs. 220 and three baby toys from Fisher Price India brand for Rs. 350. How much she paid in total for Max online shopping. Adding, Rs. 220 + Rs. 350 = Rs.  570. Thus, mother paid Rs. 570 in total for Max online shopping for the baby. This is called addition operation in mathematics. There are five properties of addition, namely

• Identity Property
• Commutative Property
• Associative Property
• Property of Opposites
• Property of Opposite of a Sum

Identity Property: According to the identity property of addition, there is a unique real number zero for every real number a, b or c etc. Zero is referred as the identity elements in addition. For example: Mother bought one powder (suppose a) from pigeon baby products. Mathematically implementing identity property of addition, a + 0 = a and 0 + a = a.

Commutative Property: According to the commutative property of addition, for all real numbers, the order of addition does not change the result. For example: Mother bought 3 baby toys (suppose a) from Fisher Price India brand and 7 baby products (suppose b) from Pigeon baby brand. Mathematically, 3 + 7 = 10 and 7+3 = 10. Therefore, a + b = b + a

Associative Property: This property of addition states that when three real numbers are added, the grouping or association doesn’t change the result. Example is similar to the previous one. Therefore, (a + b) + c = a + (b + c).

Property of Opposites: This property of addition states that against every real number, suppose a, there is a unique real number, i.e, -a. A number and its opposite are called additive inverses and the addition of additive inverses is equal to zero. Therefore, a + (-a) = 0.

Property of Opposite of a Sum: This property of addition states that the opposite of a sum of real numbers is equal to the sum of the opposites. For example: - (2+3) = (-2) + (-3) = 5. That is, - (a + b) = (-a) + (-b).
These are the properties of addition.

Double Bar Graphs

Double Bar Graphs, also called as Double Bar Chart, is the type of bar graph that helps in finding the relationship between two set of data. These are used to compare the data between same value and within the group of value from time to time. Double Bar Graphs also has all the advantage and attributes as it like the regular bar graph. Double Bar Graphs may be created in horizontal or vertical position as per the given data.

Double Bar Graphs Properties

• We have to follow the instruction to construct the double bar graphs. The instructions are given below.
• The frequency scale must start from zero and go up in equal steps in x-axis and y-axis.
• Bars should have equal width.
• Two types of data should have different colors and the abbreviation for the color was given separately in the graph sheet.
• Both of the axes were labeled and they should name as per the given data.

Advantage and Difference between Single Bar Graph and Double Bar Graphs

• Double Bar Graphs are easy to construct with the help of given set of data.
• It is easy to understand and easy to find the difference between two set of data.
• Data group in the double bar graph is represented by two bars as comparing with single bar graph

Illustration for Double Bar Graphs

Let us see in detail about the double bar graph with an example. Construct a double bar graph for the given set of data.


               Mathematics   Science
Student 01      85          70  
Student 02      95          75  
Student 03      65          80  
Student 04      82          70  
Student 05      88          85  
Student 06      90          80  

• Double bar graph was drawn for six students to compare their marks in mathematics and science.
• To construct the graph, first we have to decide about the title of the graph.
• Then choose the vertical or horizontal bars.
• We name the x-axis as students and y-axis as marks.
• Choose the scale in the y-axis as per the given marks.
• Put label on the graph and finally draw the bars.

Sine graph generator

Sine graph is the periodic with period 2`pi` .They wriggle back and forth between -1 and 1 in a smooth way. Sine starts at 0 and goes up to 1 .Sine graph generator produce the sinusoidal wave. The sine function graph usually how to find phase sift, period, amplitude for the equation

Sine graph generator following conditions produced y = sinx ,  Domain (− ∞, ∞) , Range [− 1, 1] , Principal domain (−π / 2,π / 2)

Sample Problem for Sine Graph Generator:

Example 1:

 Draw the amplitude for given question y=a sinx for various values of  a.

Solution:

For sine is how far the graph gets away from the x-axis, so it is called the amplitude.

Y=a sinx ,  where a=1,2,3 0.5,0.2

See the given  Sine graph  generator

For sine is how far the graph gets away from the x-axis, so it is called the amplitude.

Y=a sinx    a=2 , -2

See the given  Sine graph  generator

y= 2 sinx, -2sinx

Example 2:

 Draw the amplitude for given question y= sinx for various values of  a.

Solution

y=sinx where x values follows
 x =1, -1
see the sine graph generator

Example 3:

Show that Periods other than 2pi is a little harder; because there is a lot that the graph does in the course of its period. P=2`pi` /b

Y=sinbx where b=1,2,3,0.5

solution:

See the given  Sine graph  generator

Practice Problem for Graphs of Sine Generator:

1. Graphing the amplitude for given question y=d sin2x for various values of d

Answer: d values 1,2,3,1.5,4

2. Graphing the period of given question y= sinbx for various values of b

Answer: b values 1,2,3,1.5

3. Graphing sine periods for y= sinbx values of b and d are;

Answer: b=1,2,3,0.5

4. Graphing the amplitude for given question y=t sin3x for various values of t

Answer: t values 1,2,1.5 0.5,0.3.

Binary System and Introduction

What are Binary Numbers
In the word Binary, ‘Bi’ means two, so a system of numbers which involves only two digits is called binary system. The two binary numbers used are ‘1’ and ‘0’. The binary system works in the same way as the decimal system which consists of ten digits which are 0 to 9, in case of binary system there are only two possible digits 1 and 0. Any number which is expressed in the binary system would be a combination of the two digits, 1 and 0. It is mainly useful in the field of technology.  In an electrical circuit we have only two options which are ‘on’ and ‘off’ and hence based on this the binary system plays an important role in all the communications which take place inside a computer. In a decimal system the place values are ones, tens, hundreds, thousands, ten thousands and so on. These values can be written as power of 10 which would be 10^0, 10^1, 10^2, 10^3, 10^4 and so on. In the same way the binary system starts from the right and proceeds towards left the difference being the base is 2.

Binary Numbers Chart can be given as below
2 raised to power zero = 2^0=1
2 raised to power one = 2^1=2
2 raised to power two= 2^2=4
2 raised to power three=2^3=8
2 raised to power four = 2^4=16
2 raised to power five= 2^5=32
2 raised to power six = 2^6=64 and so on, in general it can be considered as 2 raised to power x = 2^x
For example, let us consider a binary number 1011 and convert it into decimal form
Binary conversion: 8   4   2    1
      Decimal form:  1   0   1    1
1011(base 2) = 1x(8) + 0x(4) + 1x(2) + 1x(1) = 8+0+2+1=11(base 10)

List of Binary Numbers are as follows
0000=0; 0001=1; 0010=2; 0011=3; 0100=4; 0101=5; 0110=6; 0111=7; 1000=8; 1001=9; 1010=10 and so on.
Subtracting Binary Numbers
While subtracting binary numbers the following are the facts to be remembered:
0 – 0 =0 ;  1 – 0 = 1; 1 – 1= 0 and 10 – 1 is equivalent to 2 – 1 = 1 in binary system
Subtract 1011 from 10101.

0110 0110 1
-  1   0 1 1
__________
          1  0 1 0        
(1 -1 =0; 10 – 1 =1;0 – 0 = 0; 10 – 1 = 1 and 0 = 0 which gives 1 0 1 0)
Binary number      10101   -    1011 = 1010
Decimal equivalent   21       -       11   =10

Absolute Values

In algebra and in vectors we come across numbers in negative directions although the magnitudes of such quantities have no signs or supposed to be positive.  Let us take a closer study.



What is Absolute Value in Math
Let us consider the numbers 5 and -5. Algebraically, they are not same. But when you plot these numbers on a number line, they are no doubt on the opposite sides of the origin 0. But they are at the same distance from the origin. That is -5 is also 5 units away from the origin on a number line. Hence considering only the fact of ‘how far’, we can say that the absolute value 0f -5 is 5.
Thus we can define that an absolute value of a number is only its physical value and hence it is always referred as positive. Symbolically the absolute value of a variable ‘x’ is denoted as lxl and it is always equal to + x.

Finding Absolute Value
As explained earlier an absolute value of a number cannot be negative. Thus, the easiest method of finding absolute value of a number is just consider the number only, ignoring the sign before it. That is for finding absolute value of -10, just consider only the number 10. That is l-10l = 10.

Limit of Absolute Value
Since the absolute value of a variable is always positive, the upper limit of the absolute value is infinity. However, because an absolute value can never be negative, it cannot cross below 0. Therefore, the lower limit of absolute value is 0. Thus the limit of absolute value of a variable can be expressed as [0, ∞).

Absolute Value Practice
The concept of absolute value is important. For example, A is situated 10 miles from his office and B is situated 5 miles from the same office but exactly in the opposite direction. Now to calculate the distance between A and B, we cannot algebraically say 10 + (-5) = 5 miles or 5 + (-10) = -5 miles. Here you need to apply the absolute value practice and say the distance is l10l + l5l = 10 + 5 = 15 miles.

Properties of Absolute Values
The important properties of absolute values are,
lxl = x for x ≥ 0, but = -x for x < 0.
If lf(x)l = a then there can be two cases. That is f(x) = a and f(x) = -a.
Suppose lf(x)l + a = b and if a > b, then there is no real solution to the equation.